[Tutorial] ¿Qué hacer luego de instalar Fedora 19?

¿Qué hacer luego de instalar Fedora 19?

What is he talking about? English version

Ok, instalé Fedora. ¿Qué hago ahora?

En este post les mostraré lo que les recomiendo hacer/instalar para hacer que su computador tenga todas las funcionalidades que necesitan.

Antes de comenzar les recomiendo mucho el uso de un Terminal. Excepto cuando les diga que abran "Software Update" por ejemplo.

Actualizar los paquetes e instalar todas las actualizaciones

Definitivamente lo que uno debe hacer apenas instala Fedora es actualizar los paquetes e instalar las actualizaciones. Para eso vamos a buscar el "Software Update" en la lista de programas.

Las actualizaciones se van a cargar y podrán instalarlas luego.

O también podemos lanzar un Terminal y ejecutamos el comando siguiente:

sudo yum -y update

Para la primera instalación esto puede tomar bastante tiempo.

Instalar los drivers propietarios

Cartas gráficas: Si su computador utiliza cartas gráficas nVidia, necesitan instalar los paquetes en sus repositorios, pero antes hay que verificar qué tipo de carta gráfica utilizan. Primero verifiquen sus componentes:

lspci | grep -i VGA

Esto les debe dar dos líneas. Una es el GPU de su procesador y la otra es la tarjeta gráfica nVidia.

Si tienen una tarjeta gráfica con Tecnología Optimus usen:

lspci | grep -i 3D

Necesitaran instalar Bumblebee en este caso, para eso vayan a esta página.

Añadan los repositorios RPMFusion. Instalen los paquetes libres y los no libres:

sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-19.noarch.rpm

sudo yum localinstall --nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-19.noarch.rpm

Luego instalen los drivers:

sudo yum install akmod-nvidia xorg-x11-drv-nvidia-libs

Codecs multimedia

Necesitan añadir los respositorios RPMFusion para instalar algunas cosas de lo que sigue del tutorial.

Aquí están los paquetes que pueden necesitar (instalen solo lo que piensen que sea necesario):

sudo yum -y install gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-plugins-bad-free-extras gstreamer-plugins-bad-nonfree gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-ffmpeg

Si quieren reproducir DVDs

sudo yum -y install libdvdread libdvdnav lsdvd libdvdcss

Si quieren soporte Flash usen el comando que les corresponde.

Para 32bit:

sudo yum -y localinstall http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

Para 64bit

sudo yum -y localinstall http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm

Y luego instalen Flash:

sudo yum -y install flash-plugin

No me gusta Gnome, quiero otra cosa

Si Gnome no los convence pueden intentar diferentes escritorios.
En Fedora pueden instalar KDE, Cinnamon, LXDE, XFCE, entre otros...

KDE: si quieren instalar KDE 4.10 solo usen el comando siguiente:

sudo yum groupinstall @kde-desktop

Cierren su sesión y vuelvan a iniciarla escogiendo KDE como escritorio.

Si quieren instalar Gnome Classic Mode:

sudo yum -y install gnome-classic-session

Cinnamon

Una gran alternative de Gnome y Gnome Classic es Cinnamon.

sudo yum groupinstall "Cinnamon Desktop"

Hay otros escritorios que pueden intentar pero personalmente nunca lo he hecho. Esta es una lista breve de lo que puede interesarles: XFCE, LXDE, Awesome, Xmonad, MATE... entre otros.

Me gusta Gnome pero me gustaría modificarlo un poco

Si les gusta Gnome, lo pueden modificar dependiendo de sus necesidades.

Pueden instalar extensiones yendo a esta página: https://extensions.gnome.org/

Pueden agregar widgets, espacios de trabajo y nuevas tareas.

A lo mejor les interese Gnome Tweak Tools también.
 
sudo yum -y install gnome-tweak-tool

Internet

Google Chrome or Chromium: si no les gusta Firefox pueden instalar Google Chrome.
Para hacerlo deberán usar yum y localinstall con el comando que corresponda a su sistema:

Para 32Bit:

sudo yum -y localinstall https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.rpm

Para 64Bit:

sudo yum -y localinstall https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_x86_64.rpm

Si quieren instalar Chromium añadan el archivo siguiente en la carpeta /etc/yum.repos.d

http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/spot/chromium-stable/fedora-chromium-stable.repo

Actualicen los paquetes

sudo yum update

E instalen Chromium

sudo yum install chromium

Transmission

Si quieren descargar archivos usando Torrents, hay un cliente que está incluido en Fedora. Transmission es ligero y hará lo necesario: descargar torrents. Pueden modificar un poco su configuración también.

Hay otras opciones en Linux como KTorrent, Deluge...

Thunderbird

Si quieren instalar Thunderbird lo único que tienen que hacer es:

sudo yum -y install thunderbird

Multimedia

Un problema muy frecuente que se lee en los foros, es la reproducción de DVDs. Como los DVDs utilizan un sistema de seguridad, hay que instalar una biblioteca especial y ejecutar un archivo de configuración.

Pueden ver como hacerlo en la sección Codec de este post.

VLC

Un gran reproductor multimedia es VLC, básicamente lee TODO y cuando digo TODO es en serio.

sudo yum -y install vlc

Clementine


Si no son muy fans de Rhythmbox como yo o les hacen faltas algunas funcionalidades como un ecualizador o un poco más de personalización, Clementine es una gran opción.

sudo yum -y install qtwebkit clementine

GIMP
Si les gusta la fotografía y no quieren invertir un montón de dinero en Photoshop, pueden intentar GIMP. Yo lo uso todos los días y tienen un montón de funcionalidades.

Solo usen el comando siguiente:

sudo yum -y install gimp

Si quieren editar archivos RAW necesitarán este paquete extra:

sudo yum -y install gimp-ufraw

Esto permetirá a GIMP editar el archivo RAW una vez que lo ha importado.


Inkscape

Si uds. hacen un poco de diseño un gran programa muy fácil de usar es Inkscape. He aquí un ejemplo de lo que hice un domingo sin deberes.

sudo yum install inkscape

OpenShot

Si quieren hacer un poco de edición vídeo en Linux, creo que la mejor opción por ahora es OpenShot. Después de añadir los repositorios RPMFusion usen

sudo yum -y install openshot

Se acaban de enterar que Steam ahora también está en Linux?

Así Steam lanzó su cliente para Linux hace algunos meses ya y está bastante interesante.

Si quieren instalarlo sigan estas instrucciones:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

sudo wget http://spot.fedorapeople.org/steam/steam.repo

sudo yum install steam

Así es como se ve en Fedora:

Messenger

Pidgin

Si como yo han tenido algunos problemas con Empathy otra alternativa es Pidgin, igual soporta muchos protocolos como MSN, Facebook, Google Talk...

sudo yum -y install pidgin

Skype

Para instalar Skype sigan este gran tutorial.

Cloud y backup

Dropbox

La mayoría de gente utiliza cuentas en el cloud para sus archivos y poder tenerlos disponibles cuando sea. Hay que ir a la página de descargas de Dropbox y seleccionar el paquete RPM.

Pueden usar el Terminal también:

32-bit:

cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86" | tar xzf -

64-bit:

cd ~ && wget -O - "https://www.dropbox.com/download?plat=lnx.x86_64" | tar xzf -

Luego ejecuten Dropbox que está instalado en la carpeta .dropbox-dis .

~/.dropbox-dist/dropboxd

Deja-Dup

Algo que me encanta de Linux es que tiene su propio programa para poder respaldar todos los datos importantes que queremos, ya sea en una cuenta de Ubuntu One, en un servidor FTP o en un disco duro externo.

Algunas herramientas para su sistema

LibreOffice

En Fedora necesitan instalar LibreOffice manualmente:

sudo yum -y install libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc libreoffice-impress libreoffice-draw

Gestion de archivos

Si quieren leer PDFs necesitan algo como Evince:

sudo yum -y install evince

Si bajan muchos datos de Internet y deben descomprimirlos o comprimirlos con mucha frecuencia, he aquí una lista de paquetes que les van a ser muy útiles.

sudo yum -y install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar
 

Nota: Si instalan los paquetes rar, unrar van a poder leer comics en formato .cbr directamente con Evince.

Necesito algunos programas de Windows

Wine

Si necesitan instalar algunos programas de Windows porque simplemente no hay alguna alternativa en el mundo libre pueden usar el emulador Wine. No todo va a servir y yo no he intentado mucho con este emulador pero sé que se pueden hacer muchas cosas como instalar Microsoft Office.

sudo yum install wine



Virtual Box

Si Wine no funciona pueden optar por crear una máquina virtual e instalar el programa en ella. El problema es que hay que tener un ISO de Windows.

Sigan los siguientes pasos para instalar VirtualBox:

su

yum -y install kernel-headers dkms gcc

wget -c -P/etc/yum.repos.d/ http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/fedora/virtualbox.repo

echo 'skip_if_unavailable=1' >> /etc/yum.repos.d/virtualbox.repo
 
yum -y install --enablerepo=virtualbox VirtualBox-4.2-?.?.*

/etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

Programación (o "maldición porqué no compila")

Para la gente que usa su máquina para programar he aquí una lista de lo que pueden querer instalar para programar tranquilamente:

Essentials

Primero hay que instalar los paquetes neceserios para poder compilar, entre esos hay gcc

sudo yum install gcc make bison

¿gcc está muy viejo?

Clang es un compilador muy interesante para programas en C y en C++, tiene la misma sintaxis que gcc. Muestra los errores que cometimos donde están exactamente.

sudo yum install clang

Geany

Un editor simpático que reconoce algunos lenguajes de programación.

sudo yum install geany

Eclipse

Para programar en Java lo único que hay que hacer es instalar Eclipse.

sudo yum -y install eclipse


Ahora sí todo debería estar a su gusto. ¡Disfruten su nueva instalación!


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[How to] Enable nVidia drivers with Optimus technology in Linux

Enable nVidia drivers with Optimus technology in Linux

¿De qué está hablando? Versión en español

Now that I actually have a computer with a graphic card, I can write about how to enable it, if it isn't recognized by your OS.

 
I have a nVidia GeForce 620m in my laptop and it isn't recognized because it uses the Optimus technology from nVidia.

Checking your device

First of all let see if your graphic card is recognized in a hardware level.
Use the command:

lspci

You can be more specific, combine lspci with grep.

lspci | grep 3D

Now that we have that, we can install the corresponding driver.

Downloading and installing Bumblebee

Bumblebee is a project that was born to enable Optimus technology. It is supported in most distros (Ubuntu, Fedora, Mandriva, Arch...). Since I am using Ubuntu I will show you how to install it using a PPA.

Important: You don't need anything extra, don't install nvidia-current and don't run any configuration file.

Use the official PPA from the Bumblebee website and update the packages:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:bumblebee/stable
sudo apt-get update

Make sure you have the linux headers package installed:

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic

And finally install Bublebee:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee virtualgl

Then reboot your computer and check if you don't have any errors.

Make sure that you have the option for hybrid cards enabled in your BIOS too.

Testing the graphic card

Now that we have Bumblebee installed we can check if it is actually running, since there isn't any User Interface.

Let's do some benchmarking first. Run the following command to test the GPU from the processor:

glxspehres

This program will show you a 3D animation you can check the FPS rate and more information. In my case here is the output of my computer:

Now let's make a test with Bumblebee and VirtualGL. Let's run glxspheres but in the nVidia card:

optirun glxspheres

Now that we can use the nVidia card we can improve the performance in order to save power and to get better rendering.

Note: You can actually see in the screenshots how the battery life drops when the graphic card is used.
 

Adding Primus for better performance

In order to get better performance  you can install another "bridge" that is going to be used by Bumblebee. Install Primus with the command:

sudo apt-get install primus

Then you can test the performance with this:

vblank_mode=0 primusrun glxspheres

(You need the vblank_mode option to get the maximum FPS rate)

Note: Again you can see that the battery life is reduced but not as much as when you run the program with optirun.

Running games with your graphic card in Steam

If you want to run your Steam games with your graphic card you just need to change some Settings in the Steam client.

Launch the client and go to your Library. Then select the game you want to launch and right-click in it.
Go to "Properties"

Then choose "SET LAUNCH OPTIONS..."

And enter the command primusrun %command%.

That's it! Your games will run in the graphic card.

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[To do] Top things to do after installing Linux Mint 15

Top things to do after installing Linux Mint 15

¿De qué está hablando? Versión en español

Not running Linux Mint? Check my previous post for Ubuntu 13.04

Planning to install Linux Mint? This post explains how to do it with partitions (it's more secure and very useful)

So I installed Linux Mint, what now?

In this post I will show the top things that I recommend you to do in order to make your computer run like a champ.

I strongly recommend the use of the (a) Terminal except in a few cases, like when you first update, you should update with the "Update Manager" because you'll have to install new kernel revisions.

Updating packages and upgrading

The first thing that you absolutely want to do, just after installing Linux Mint is to update your packages. To do this, you will need to search for the "Update Manager" in the application list

It will atomically check for updates, after all the packages are updated you can click in "Install Now.

Or you could launch a Terminal and put the following command:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

The first time you do this it could take a lot of time.

Installing proprietary drivers

If your computer has a graphic card like nVidia or AMD or a wireless connexion you must install some drivers to make it work properly. If your wireless doesn't work you might want to install the driver using a wired connexion.

After searching for the "Driver Manager" go to the application and choose the driver that you want to activate. You need to restart your computer afterwards.

Enabling proprietary packages and installing proprietary software

If you want to install some proprietary packages like libraries to play MP3, or to install software developed by Microsoft, like Skype, you don't need to enable repositories. LinuxMint enables them by default.

You can see the Software Sources if you want.

Medibuntu

For legal reasons Linux Mint is not allowed to include some codecs, fonts, software automatically. You have to enable Medibuntu packages. You just use this command for doing that:

sudo -E wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list && sudo apt-get --quiet update && sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring && sudo apt-get --quiet update

That way you can have access to all (or almost) the propietary packages that you may want/have to use

sudo apt-get install app-install-data-medibuntu apport-hooks-medibuntu

I don't like Cinnamon, show me something else

If you get tired of Cinnamon you could try some other desktops. Here I will show you some other options.


Warning: Don't do this with the Cinnamon version, it will break your desktop.

Gnome 3: the Gnome team recently released version 3.8.1 which many people seem to like. And let's admit that New is always better... Maybe not...

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

KDE 4: the KDE recently released version 4.10.3, this desktop is my second choice after Unity. I used it for a while and is fast, stable and the graphics with OpenGL are sick. With this command you're actually changing the flavor of your Ubuntu to add Kubuntu:

sudo apt-get install kde-full

MATE: it started as a fork of Gnome 2. Very interesting and pretty nice too.

sudo apt-get install mate-desktop mate-common mate-core

There are many other options out there in the wild but I haven't given them a long try. Here are some examples: XFCE, LXDE, Awesome, Xmonad... among others.
 

Internet

Google Chrome o Chromium: if you don't like Firefox you can install Google Chrome by going to their download page.
After you installed the right package for your distribution you can use this command (adapt it with the name of your package:

sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

or you could just open the folder where you save the file and double-click it. But the command line is more fun, let's admit it.

If you want to install Chromium instead:

sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

Transmission

If you want to download some files from the Internet using a Bit Torrent client there is one installed by default with Ubuntu. Transmission is a light-weight bit torrent client that will do just the job. You can set it up as you want but it doesn't have a lot of options.

There are many options for Linux, like KTorrent, Deluge...

Geary

If you want to install another client for your e-mail I think you could try to install Geary. Here is how it looks:

To install it:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yorba/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install geary

Multimedia

There are some interesting programs to play multimedia, audio, video... But before doing some installation we want to make sure that we have the right codecs installed.

sudo apt-get install non-free-codecs libxine1-ffmpeg gxine mencoder totem-mozilla icedax tagtool easytag id3tool lame nautilus-script-audio-convert libmad0

A frequent problem you find in different forums is how to play DVDs in Linux Mint/Linux. DVDs use a special encryption protocol, you have to install a library for decryption, run this command that will install this library and execute a configuration file:

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 && sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/./install-css.sh

VLC

VLC is a great media player that can read EVERYTHING, and I really mean it.

sudo apt-get install vlc

 Clementine

If you're looking for an alternative to Rhythmbox because you don't like or if you miss some functionalities like an equalizer or a little more personalization; Clementine is a great option.
Go to the Download Page of Clementine and choose the latest version for Ubuntu and the architecture that you use (in my case Ubuntu 12.10 64-bit). Then from a Terminal try to install it, you will run into some errors of dependencies, but just use the second command to solve this, and you are good to go.

sudo dpkg -i clementine_1.1.1~quantal_amd64.deb

sudo apt-get install -f

GIMP

If you like photography and you don't want to spend a lot of money in Photoshop you can try out GIMP. I use it every day and it comes with a lot of functionalities.

Just run the following command:

sudo apt-get install gimp

If you want to edit RAW files from your camera you will need this extra package:

sudo apt-get install gimp-ufraw

This will let GIMP edit the RAW file after it imports it.


Inkscape

If you want to do some vector drawing Inkscape is a great piece of software, very easy to use. Here is an example I made in a free sunday.

sudo apt-get install inkscape

OpenShot

If you want to do some video editing in Linux, I think the best option right now could be OpenShot.

sudo apt-get install openshot

Just heard Steam came for Linux?

That's right boy, Steam launched its client for Linux a few months ago and it looks pretty awesome.

If you want to install it the easiest way is to download the .deb from Steam.
Then run the following commands:

sudo dpkg -i steam_latest.deb

You will run into some dependencies errors. Just correct them with:

sudo apt-get install -f

Then Steam will launch and it will update.

This is how it looks, pretty sweet if you ask me:

Messenger

Pidgin

I have tried Empathy but I had some troubles with my MSN account. Pidgin is a great alternative and it supports many protocols, like MSN, Facebook, Google Talk...

sudo apt-get install pidgin

Skype

In order to install Skype in Linux Mint you have to install the independent packages  as seen at the beginning of this blog.

sudo apt-get install skype

Cloud and backup

Dropbox

Most people have a cloud account with some server. You can share files, make a backups in the cloud, or just have your files available from anywhere you want. You have to go to the download page and again you can run this command (adapting it to your distribution):

sudo dpkg -i dropbox_1.6.0_amd64.deb

Backups

Something that I love about Linux Mint (and other distros) is that they have their own backup manager. You can setup your backups to put them in the Cloud or in a FTP server or simply put it in a hard drive.
You search in your applications for "Backup"  and then you can configure
your backup as you like.

Some tools and indicators for your system

Jupiter

An interesting tool that allows you to save some energy of your laptop. It also indicates you the state of the computer.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/jupiter
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jupiter

Archive Management Apps

If you frequently download files from the internet and you want to uncompress or compress here is a command that has everything you may want to install.

sudo apt-get install unace unrar zip unzip p7zip-full p7zip-rar sharutils rar

Note: If you install the rar, unrar package you will be able to read comic books in .cbr format with Evince.

I still need some Windows programs

Wine

If you need to install some Windows software that isn't available for Linux you can use Wine emulator. It is not going to work for everything but you can do a lot of stuff like installing Microsoft Office.


sudo apt-get install wine



Virtual Box

If Wine doesn't work you may want to create a virtual machine and install some programs in it. The problem is that you must have a Windows ISO.
Download the package from Oracle's site, choose the installer for Ubuntu Raring and again from the terminal (adapting it to your own):

sudo dpkg -i virtualbox-4.2_4.2.10-84104~Ubuntu~raring_amd64.deb

Programming (a.k.a "Why don't you compile?")

For people who use their machine for writing code, here is a list that you use for installing some basic packages for programming:

Essentials

First of all you want to install some basic packages that allows you to compile, this packages include gcc for example

sudo apt-get install build-essential

¿gcc is too old school?

Clang is a great compiler for C and C++, it has the same syntax that gcc but it has a nice output:

sudo apt-get install clang

Geany

A simple IDE that recognizes some languages.

sudo apt-get install geany

Eclipse

For programming with Java the only thing that you need to do (because it will install Java at the same time) is install Eclipse.

sudo apt-get install eclipse

OpenGL

If you're planning to do some programming using OpenGL you must install the "freeglut" package:

sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev

Cleaning everything that you wont use anymore

After you're done installing everything that you always wanted run this commands to clean your packages and to uninstall everything that you don't need anymore:

sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get autoclean

And you're good to go. Enjoy your new install!

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